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New research: Snakeskin can inspire to safer buildings

It might be a good idea to look for inspiration in nature when designing load-bearing foundations for buildings. Researchers from Aarhus University and University of California Davis have found a significantly increased load-bearing capacity for piles when using snakeskin as surface inspiration.

[Translate to English:] "Evolutionen har fundet på nogle ganske inspirerende løsninger gennem tiderne, og der er meget at vinde set med geotekniske øjne," siger adjunkt Hans Henning Stutz, der står bag den nye forskning. Foto: Colourbox.

Despite human inventiveness and ingenuity, we still lag far behind the elegant and efficient solutions forged by nature over millions of years of evolution.

This also applies for buildings, where animals and plants, have developed extremely effective digging methods, for example, that are far more energy-efficient than modern tunnelling machines, and even self-repairing foundations that are unusually resistant to erosion and earthquakes.

Researchers from all over the world are therefore seeking inspiration in nature to develop the buildings of the future, and researchers from Aarhus University and University of California Davis have now in collaboration published an article in the scientific journal Acta Geotechnica about constructing foundations inspired by the scales on a snake.

"Previous studies have shown that surface geometry inspired by snakeskin can result in different shear strengths, depending on the load direction. We’ve taken this knowledge one step further in this research and investigated the interaction between different soil types and these snakeskin surfaces," says Assistant Professor Hans Henning Stutz from the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering at Aarhus University.

Modern pile foundations are usually made by driving, drilling or pushing piles into the ground to achieve sufficient bearing capacity for a building.

Today, the piles are usually prefabricated with quadratic or circular cross-sections and a load-bearing capacity that is isotropic (identical in all shear directions) due to the mainly symmetrical, smooth profile of the surface.

However, in the study, the researchers experimented with asymmetric micro-structural features on the surface, resembling the scales along the underside of a snake. These so-called ventral scales are elongated in shape, relatively smooth, and have cross-section shaped like an elongated, right-angled triangle.

"By experimenting with 'scales' measuring 0.5 mm in height and 20-60 mm in length, we’ve achieved – in lab conditions – a significantly increased load-bearing capacity in the media we’ve examined: more specifically different types of sand. The results of the project show that piles with this surface pattern give 25-50 per cent less resistance during installation compared with the pressure they can subsequently support," says Hans Henning Stutz.

According to the assistant professor, there is still a lot be gained from biology when optimising structures and durable foundations, and he believes that future construction will find much more inspiration in biology.

"Evolution has come up with some quite inspiring solutions during the ages, and there's a lot to be gained in a geotechnical perspective. I'm convinced that in the future we’ll see major developments in bio-inspired and very effective solutions, especially in areas such as anchoring, tunnels, and marine constructions," he says.

Aarhus University is also involved in other areas of bioinspired geotechnics, for instance how studying sand-throwing antlions can help gain new insights in soil mechanics.


Additional information

We strive to ensure that all our articles live up to the Danish universities' principles for good research communication (scroll down to find the English version on the web-site). Because of this the article will be supplemented with the following information: 
FundingNot funded.
Collaborators Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University, DK. 
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
Read moreThe publication "Directionally dependent strength and dilatancy behavior of soil–structure interfaces" is published in Acta Geotechnica and written by Hans Henning Stutz and Alejandro Martinez.
ContactAssistant Professor Hans Henning Stutz
Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Aarhus University
Tel.: +45 28992207
Mail: hhs@cae.au.dk